By Kumis Kumis
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| Borneo Old Map |
It is always a fascinating idea and a great wonder to know the long history of the early settlement of North Borneo by looking back into all the listing of the early Kingdoms.
How the events surrounding these early settlements, Chiefdom, Kingdom, Sultanate or even empire shape and influenced the course of our history.
We prepared not a very precise but suffice, a chronology and timeline of early kingdoms around Eastern Archipelago (not inclusive Japan, Korea and Formosan) based on available researched materials by so many experts of their respective fields beyond multi discipline of historical research.
As you can see the dates may differ, some of them still have disputes and some of the research not conclusive and remain a mystery.
We discovered a big numbers of ancient and inter related kingdoms going back more than 4000 years ago with each of them having incredible and wonderful stories of their own.
We bring the reader to look specifically into several of these ancient Kingdom that may or may not have any influence to North Borneo.
We are very certain that many other early kingdoms are not included in this listing as we tried to limit to ASEAN Countries only with a little information from India and China's early Dynasties and Kingdoms.
Of course there are people who like to know more about what happened 40,000+ years ago during the Paleolithic age (Early Stone Age) and 10,000–5,000 years ago during the Neolithic (New Stone Age).
We rather at this point of time focus on the history of 2,500 years ago during the Bronze Age where more people arrived, including new tribes and seafarers. Borneo became the crossroads in maritime trades of the ancient age. Seafarers who came to Borneo's shores included Indians, Javanese and Chinese among others.
Herein please find the wondrous Ancient Kingdoms and some rather new kingdoms throughout 4000 years of history:-
2879-258 BC - Hong Bang Dynasty (Vietnam)
2070-1600 BC - Xia Dynasty (China)
1800 BC - Ancient Lawan Pacific Settlement (Philippines)
1700-1100 BC - Hindu Vedas Text (time line of Mahabaratha, Ramayana and Puranas 3000 BC) World Religion
1600-1046 BC - Shang Dynasty (China)
1046-256 BC - Zhou Dynasty (China)
1045-771 BC - Western Zhou (China)
770-256 BC - Eastern Zhou (China)
500 BC - Siddhatta Gotama Buddha founder of World Religion of Buddhism
500 BC - 1601 AD - Igorot Society (Philippines)
300 BC-1279 AD - Chola Dynasty (Southern India)
257-179 BC - Thuc Dynasty (Vietnam)
221-206 BC - Qin Dynasty (China)
204-111 BC - Trieu Dynasty (Vietnam)
202 BC-220 AD - Han Dynasty (China)
111 BC-40 AD - Han Dynasty China Rule Vietnam
43-544 AD - Eastern Han China Rule Vietnam
1 AD - Christianity - World Religion
9-23 AD - Xin Dynasty (China)
50-627 - Funan Kindom (Cambodia)
100-1000 - Gangga Negara (Perak)
100-1050 - Pyu City (Myanmar)
100-1300 - Langkasuka (Malay Peninsula)
100-500 - Chi Tu (Kelantan)
130–362 - Salakanagara Kingdom (Western Java)
192-1832 - Campa Kingdom (Vietnam)
200-? - Java Dwipa Kingdom (Java)
200-400 - Pan Pan (Terengganu) (Malay Peninsula)
200 - 1500 - Kepaksian Sekala Brak (Sumatra)
220-280 - Three Kingdom (China)
266-420 - Jin Dynasty (China)
304-439 - Sixteen Kingdom (China)
350–1605 - Kutai Kingdom (Borneo)
358–669 - Tarumanagara Kingdom (Western Java)
386-589 - Northern and Southern Dynasty (China)
400-800 - Kedah Tua Kingdom / Cheh Cha (Malay Peninsula)
400-1100 - Nagur Kingdom (Sumatra)
400-1454 - Pahang Tua Kingdom (Malay Peninsula)
500s–600s - Kalingga Kingdom (Central Java)
500-600s - Boni Kingdom (Borneo)
500s - Keritang Kingdom (Sumatra)
544-602 - Van Xuan Kingdom (Vietnam)
550-802 - Chenla Empire (Cambodia)
581-618 - Sui Dynasty (China)
600 - Islam World Religion
600s - Melayu Kingdom (Sumatra)
600-800 - Kota Gelanggi (Malay Peninsula)
600-present - Dompu Kingdom (Sumbawa)
601 - Chiefdoms of Zabag and WakWak (Philippines)
602-938 - Southern Han China Rule Vietnam
618-907 - Tang Dynasty (China)
630-1516 - Sadurengas Kingdom (Kalimantan)
638-1292 - Ngoenyang/Hiran Kingdom (Thai)
650–1377 - Srivijaya Empire (Sumatra)
669–1482 - Galuh Kingdom (Western Java)
669–1579 - Sunda Kingdom (Western Java)
690-705 - Wu Zhou Dynasty (China)
700-789 - Kanjuruhan Kingdom (Java)
700-1504 - Tanjungpura Kingdom (Kalimantan)
752–1006 Medang Kingdom / Mataram Kingdom Hindu Buddhist (Central Java)
800 Namayan Kingdom (Philippines)
800s–900s - Sailendra Empire (Central Java)
800-1503 - Lamuri Sultanate (Sumatera)
800-presents - Maluku (Maluku Islands)
800-1950 - Matan Tanjungpura Sultanate (Kalimantan)
802-1431 Khmer Empire (Cambodia)
840-1292 Perlak Sultanate (Sumatera)
849-1297 Pagan Kingdom (Myanmar)
883-1347 Bedahulu Kingdom (Bali)
900-1589 Tondo (Philippines)
900-1620 Luwuk Kingdom (Sulawesi)
907-979 Five Dynasty and Ten Kingdom (China)
914–1908 Bali Kingdom (Lesser Sunda Island)
916-1125 Liao Dynasty (China)
939-967 Ngo Dynasty (Vietnam)
960-1279 Song Dynasty (China)
968-980 Dinh Dynasty (Vietnam)
971-1339 Ma-i (Phillipines)
980-1009 Early Ly Dynasty (Vietnam)
1000-presents Gresik (Java)
1000s–1300s Pannai Kingdom (Northern Sumatra)
1001-1521 Butuan Kingdom (Philippines)
1009-1225 Ly Dynasty (Vietnam)
1019–1045 Kahuripan Kingdom (East Java)
1045-1136 Janggala Kingdom (Java)
1045–1221 - Kediri Kingdom (East Java)
1136–present - Kedah Sultanate (Malay Peninsula)
1175-1571 - Namayan (Philippines)
1183–1347 - Dharmasraya Kingdom (West Sumatra)
1200-1569 - Madja-as (Philippines)
1200-1782 - Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom (Thailand)
1200-1872 - Hatorusan Kingdom (Sumatra)
1222–1292 - Singhasari Empire (East Java)
1225-1400 - Tran Dynasty (Vietnam)
1225–1613 - Aru Kingdom (North Sumatra)
1231-? - Kemuning Kingdom (Sumatera)
1238-1438 - Sukhotai Kingdom (Thailand)
1250-1300 - Siguntur Kingdom (Sumatra)
1252 - Lupah Sug Kingdom (Sulu)
1257–1914 - Ternate Sultanate (Maluku Islands)
1258-1571 - Manila Kingdom
1260 - Batin Enam Suku Kingdom (Sumatra)
1267–1521 - Samudera Pasai Sultanate (North Sumatra)
1267-present - Kelantan Sultanate (Malay Penisula)
1271-1368 - Yuan Dynasty (China)
1292-1775 - Lanna Kingdom (Thailand)
1292-1950 - Landak Kingdom (Kalimantan)
1293–1500 - Majapahit Empire (Java)
1298-1956 - Indragiri Kingdom (Sumatra)
1299-1398 - Singapura Kingdom (Singapore)
1300-1700 - Phatthalung Kingdom (Thailand)
1300-1810 - Wajo Kingdom (Sulawesi)
1300-1945 - Gowa Sultanate (Sulawesi)
1300-1954 - Luwu Kingdom (Sulawesi)
1300-present - Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus Kingdom (Malay Peninsula)
1300-1964 - Aileu Kingdom (Timor)
1309-1389 - Nan Sarunai Kingdom (Kalimantan)
1310-present - Sanggau Kingdom (Kalimantan)
1332-1960 Buton Sultanate (Sulawesi)
1347–1833 Pagaruyung Kingdom (Sumatra)
1347-1945 Minangkabau Kingdom (Sumatra)
1350-1767 Ayutthaya Kingdom (Thailand)
1353-1707 Lan Xang Kingdom (Laos)
1368-1644 Ming Dynasty (China)
1368–present - Brunei Sultanate (Borneo)
1377-1810 - Berau Sultanate (Kalimantan)
1400-1407 Ho Dynasty (Vietnam)
1400-1565 Cebu Kingdom (Phillipines)
1400-1950 Bone Kingdom (Sulawesi)
1400-1957 Wajoq Kingdom (South Sulawesi)
1402–1511 Malacca Sultanate (Malay Peninsula)
1405–1899 Sulu Sultanate (Philippines)
1406-1576 Caboloan (Phillipines)
1407-1427 Ming Dynasty China Rule Vietnam
1428-1527 Le Dynasty (Vietnam)
1431-presents Cambodia Kingdom (Vietnam)
1445–1926 Cirebon Sultanate (West Jawa)
1450-1967 Tidore Sultanate (North Maluku)
1457– 1902 Pattani Sultanate (Malay Peninsula)
1470–1623 Pahang Sultanate (Malay Peninsula)
1470-1682 Tanah Hitu Kingdom (Maluku)
1475–1554 Demak Sultanate (North Java)
1487-1665 Sukadana Kingdom (Kalimantan)
1496–1903 Aceh Sultanate (Sumatra)
1500s Djipang Kingdom (Central Java)
1510-1752 Toungoo Dynasty (Myanmar)
1515-1888 Maguindanao Sultanate (Philippines)
1515–1904 Larantuka Kingdom (South Timor)
1516-1906 - Pasir Balengkong Sultanate (Kalimantan)
1518-1702 Samawa Sultanate (Lombok)
1520-presents Lanao Sultanate (Philippines)
1521-1945 Bacan Sultanate (Maluku)
1526–1813 Banten Sultanate (Western Java)
1526-1860 - Banjar Sultanate (Kalimantan)
1527-1533 Mac Dynasty (Vietnam)
1527–1599 Kalinyamat Sultanate (Central Java)
1527-1620 Sumedang Larang Kingdom (Java)
1528–present Perak Sultanate (Malay Peninsula)
1528–present Johor Sultanate (Malay Peninsula)
1533-1788 Le Dynasty (Vietnam)
1547-1960 Tanette Kingdom (Sulawesi)
1550-1906 Jambi Sultanate (Sumatra)
1550-1940 Soppeng Sultanate (Sulawesi)
1568-1946 Langkat Darul Aman Sultanate (Sumatra)
1568-1586 Pajang Kingdom (Java)
1570-1755 Mataram Sultanante Islamic (Central Java)
1572-presents Ilocos Sur (Luzon, Philippines)
1599–1641 - Sarawak Sultanate (Borneo)
1600-1800 Jailolo Sultanate (Maluku)
1600-2005 - Sintang Kingdom (Kalimantan)
1605-1680 Singora Sultanate (Thailand)
1609-1956 - Sambas Sultanate (Borneo)
1619-1962 Kupang Kingdom (Timor)
1620-1958 Bima Sultanate (Sumbawa)
1623-1956 TayTay (Philippines)
1630-present Asahan Sultanate (Sumatra)
1630-1946 Kota Pinang Sultanate (Sumatra)
1632-1946 Deli Sultanate (Sumatra)
1633-1916 Silawaan Kingdom (Timor)
1636-1912 Qing Dynasty (China)
1641-1833 Naning Kingdom (Malay Peninsula)
1641-1913 Ambeno Kingdo, (Timor)
1642-1962 Amanatun Kingdom (West Timor)
1650-1906 Sonbai Besar (Timor)
1650-1962 Adonara Kingdom (East Timor)
1652-1917 Amabi Kingdom (West Timor)
1659-1823 Palembang Sultanate (Sumatra)
1659-present Sonbai Kecil Kingdom (Timor)
1660-1950 Buleleng Kingdom (Bali)
1664-1999 Qecussi Kingdom (Timor)
1665-1819 - Matan Kingdom (Kalimantan)
1665-1962 Amarasi Kingdom (West Timor)
1668-1935 Laclo Kingdom (Timor)
1668-1964 Vemasse Kingdom (Timor)
1668-1999 Manatuto Kingdom (Timor)
1668-1999 Hera Kingdom (Timor)
1669-1877 Faturo Kingdom (Timor)
1670-1989 Luca Kingdom (Timor)
1680-1742 Kesultanan Kartasura (Java)
1683-1962 Amfoan Kingdom (Timor)
1688-1917 Taebenu Kingdom (Timor)
1697-1910 Amfoan-Sorbian Kingdom (Timor)
1702-1945 Lacluta Kingdom (Timor)
1702-1986 Amakono Kingdom (Timor)
1702-1975 Viqueque Kingdom (Timor)
1702-1917 Noimuti Kingdom (Timor)
1703-1741 Tiris Mauta Kingdom (Timor)
1703-1815 Claco Kingdom (Timor)
1703-1854 Tutuluru Kingdom (Timor)
1703-1891 Bibiluto Kingdom(Timor)
1703-1975 Camenaca Kingdom (Timor)
1703-1997 Sarau Kingdom (Timor)
1703-2002 Alas Kingdom (Timor)
1703-1999 Balibo Kingdom (Timor)
1703-2000 Samoro Kingdom (Timor)
1707-1893 Luang Phrabang Kingdom (Laos)
1707-1828 Vientiane Kingdom (Laos)
1712-1912 Manubait Kingdom (Timor)
1713-1904 Champasak Kingdom (Laos)
1720-1912 Manufahi Kingdom (Timor)
1723–1946 - Siak Sri Indrapura Sultanate (Johor)
1723-1946 Serdang Sultanate (Sumatra)
1725-presents - Terengganu Sultanate (Malay Peninsula)
1726-1769 Lamassane Kingdom (Timor)
1726-1888 Cairui Kingdom (Timor)
1726-1896 Cailaco Kingdom (Timor)
1726-1896 Cotubaba Kingdom (Timor)
1726-1912 Motael Kingdom (Timor)
1726-1916 Fialaran Kingdom (Timor)
1726-1952 Lolotoe Kingdom (Timor)
1726-1952 Suai Kingdom (Timor)
1726-1975 Maubara Kingdom (Timor)
1726-1942 Dailor Kingdom (Timor)
1726-1999 Lacore Kingdom (Timor)
1727-1952 Ossoroa Kingdom (Timor)
1731-1769 Saniri Kingdom (Timor)
1731-1964 - Bulungan Kingdom (Kalimantan)
1732-1975 Raimean Kingdom (Timor)
1732-2003 Lamaknen Kingdom (Timor)
1735-1964 Maucatar Kingdom (Timor)
1745–1946 Surakarta Sultanate (Central Java)
1745–present Selangor Darul Ehsan Sultanate (Malay Peninsula)
1749-1917 Funai Kingdom (Timor)
1749-1958 Amanuban Kingdom (West Timor)
1752-1885 Konbaung Dynasty (Myanmar)
1755–1945 Yogyakarta Sultanate (Central Java)
1756-1916 Wewiku Kingdom (Timor)
1757-1946 Mangkunagaran Kingdom (Java)
1760-1769 Lanqueiro Kingdom (Timor)
1760-1937 Deribate Kingdom (Timor)
1760-1964 Bobonaro Kingdom (Timor)
1761-1914 Naitimu Kingdom (Timor)
1761-1962 Insana Kingdom (Timor)
1761-1962 Biboki Kingdom (Timor)
1761-1964 Nusadila Kingdom (Timor)
1761-1999 Atsabe Kingdom (Timor)
1761-2005 Dirma Kingdom (Timor)
1762-1952 - Simpang Matan Kingdom (Kalimantan)
1768-1782 Thonburi Kingdom (Thailand)
1769-1910 Liquica Kingdom (Timor)
1769-1916 Lidak Kingdom (Timor)
1769-1894 Cova Kingdom (Timor)
1769-1900 Ermera Kingdom (Timor)
1769-1916 Jenilu Kingdom (Timor)
1769-1945 Fatumean Kingdom (Timor)
1769-1974 Barique Kingdom (Timor)
1769-2017 Turiscai Kingdom (Timor)
1770-presents Pahang Kingdom (Malay Peninsula)
1771-1950 - Pontianak Sultanate (Kalimantan)
1772-1958 - Kubu Sultanate (Kalimantan)
1777-1884 - Lanfang Republic (West Kalimantan)
1780–1899 Besut Darul Iman Kingdom (Malay Peninsula)
1782-presents Rattankosin Kingdom (Thailand)
1788-1802 Tay Son Dynasty (Vietnam)
1802-1945 Ngu Yen Dynasty (Vietnam)
1808–1916 Setul Mambang Segara Kingdom (Malay Peninsula)
1808-1992 Venilale Kingdom (Timor)
1810–1902 Reman Kingdom (Malay Peninsula)
1810-1953 - Gunung Tabur Sultanate (Kalimantan)
1810-1960 - Sambaliung Kingdom (Kalimantan)
1812-present Pakualaman Kingdom (Java)
1814–1946 Deli Sultanate (Siak)
1815-1884 Failcor Kingdom (Timor)
1815-1885 Bebico Kingdom (Timor)
1815-1913 Bibissuco Kingdom (Timor)
1815-1952 Funar Kingdom (Timor)
1815-1964 Mahubo Kingdom (Timor)
1815-1975 Caimau Kingdom (Timor)
1815-1995 - Laga Kingdom (Timor)
1824–1911 - Riau-Lingga Sultanate (Johor)
1832-1912 Takaip Kingdom (Timor)
1832-1930 Mollo Kingdom (Timor)
1839–1864 Kubang Pasu Darul Qiyam Kingdom (Kedah, Malay Peninsula)
1843–present - House of Jamalullail/Perlis Indera Kayangan Kingdom (Malay Peninsula)
1849-present Kayong Matan Kingdom (Kalimantan)
1854-1952 Manumera Kingdom (Timor)
1854-1965 Bercoly Kingdom (Timor)
1854-1975 Laclubar Kingdom (Timor)
1858-1916 Wehali Kingdom (Timor)
1860-1938 Lasiolat Kingdom (Timor)
1861-1895 Ulmera Kingdom (Timor)
1884-1999 Baucau Kingdom (Timor)
1887-1954 French Indochina (Vietnam)
1900-1912 Atabae Kingdom (Timor)
1900-1934 Makir Kingdom (Timor)
1900-1996 Ossu Kingdom (Timor)
1903-1964 Vessoro Kingdom (Timor)
1912-1960 Ainaro Kingdom (Timor)
1916-1924 Belu Tasi Feto Kingdom (Timor)
1916-present Laleia Kingdom (Timor)
1917-2003 Malaka and Belu Kingdom (Timor)
1928-1949 Seisal Kingdom (Timor)
Map Credit to The Institute for Maritime and Ocean Affairs www.imoa.ph
1572 Indiae Orientalis Insularumque Adiacientium Typus
Published in 1572 in Antwerp by Abraham Ortelius.
1596 by Jan Huygen Van Linschoten
Map Credit to ASEAN Heritage & History
Shared with Public Asia Ancient Map drawing by Caspar Schmalkalden (c.1618-c.1668)
Cr. Caspar Schmalkalden
